Where do Women stand in India 2021?

Divyanshu Tripathy , IIT Gandhinagar, tripathydivyanshu@iitgn.ac.in

Prachika Kanodia , IIT Gandhinagar, kanodiaprachika@iitgn.ac.in

Avnish Ranwa , IIT Gandhinagar, ranwaavnish@iitgn.ac.in

Repo

We have used India Districts Factsheets of National Family Health Survey (NFHS) - 5, 2019-2021 data. This data provides 137 features about various sectors like education, crime, health, finance etc. of all the states and union territories of India, segrated into Rural and Urban data. From these factors we have chosen to work upon factors related to Women to know about the recent status of women in Indian society.

Women's education stature:

To analyze women's education in different states we have picked up for four contributing factors, they are, Women (age 15-49) who are literate, Female population age 6 years and above who ever attended school, Women (age 15-49) with 10 or more years of schooling and Women (age 15-49) who have ever used the internet. The last factor was chosen as even if a women didn't attend formal schooling but still she can educate herself through the internet.

Spider chart visualization is done along with drop down menu to visualize the data from different states.

From the visualization, in the northen states like Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab the percentage of Women who can use internet facilities is almost constant, lying in range (50-60%). Also in Jammu & Kashmir the level of education is relatively lower as compared to other states, with other states having almost the same level of education.

In the eastern states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar all the factors are decreasing considerably meaning that importance is not given to Women's education and their independence. In Bihar and Odisha the accesss to internet to women is horrible i.e., around 20% only, another noticable thing in Bihar is that Number of Women who have attended primary education is more as compared to percentage of literate women it means that there are a percentage of women that have gone to school but came out illiterate (4%).

Things get a little better as we go further east then all of the factors are increasing which is especially true for Sikkim i.e., there are 80% of women who have access to internet and 90% of literate women. However, in Tripura and Assam internet access is very low comparable to Bihar and also Women attending higher education is around 20-30% only.

In the center and west side, all the factors are in the same range i.e., around 30% female internet access and 40% provision of higher education in almost all of the states. However, Goa shines in all the factors are relatively high i.e., primary education is 90%, internet access is 70% and also the percentage of women pursuing higher education is much higher, 73%.

As we travel down south all the factors are relatively good as compared to states of north and west but in Kerala all the factors are astoundingly high. However, surprisingly in Telangana internet access is very low i.e., less than 20% but higher education provision is more i.e., around 45%.

The following bar plot shows the comparison between provision of facilities in Urban and Rural Area in sorted manner.

Violence against Women:

From the stack plot visualization, the percentage of women who have experienced spousal, physical and sexual violence has been visualized in urban and rural areas.

From the visualization, it can be noticed that spousal violence on women is very high in south and north-eastern states.

Spousal violence is highest in Karnataka in south while in north-east Manipur is the highest in both Urban and Rural areas. Bihar also stands out as number of spousal violence cases specially in rural area is very high.

From the visualization, it can be noticed that most of the physical violence case on women come from rural india.

Physical violence is highest in Karnataka in south followed by Bihar, Manipur while the least percentage of women suffered from physical violence during pregnancy is in Ladakh.

Here also we can see the similar trends as in spousal violence. Just that here instead of Ladakh, Women in Odisha suffer least sexual violence in both Rural and Urban region.

Karnataka, Bihar, Manipur and West Bengal has very high percentage of women suffering from sexual, physical and spousal violence as compared to other states. So governments of these states should implement the laws in strict manner so that women will feel safe.

Next steps:

We will include analysis of more sectors like finance, basic necessities, etc. related to women to reach to the conclusion about their overall status.